Propylene carbonate
Propylene carbonate
CAS: 108-32-7
Molecular Formula: C4H6O3
Propylene carbonate - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Propylene carbonate |
| Synonyms | Propylenecarbonate Propylene carbonate 1,2-propanediolcarbonate 1,2-propanediylcarbonate 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one 1-methylethylenecarbonate 1,2-Propanediyl carbonate 1-Methylethylene carbonate 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 2-Propanediolcycliccarbonate 1,3-dioxolane-2-one,4-methyl 1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl- 1,2-Propanediol cyclic carbonate (4R)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (4S)-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one 1-(carboxyoxy)propan-2-yl carbonate |
| CAS | 108-32-7 |
| EINECS | 203-572-1 |
| InChI | InChI:1S/C4H6O3/c1-3-2-6-4(5)7-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 |
| InChIKey | RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Propylene carbonate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C4H6O3 |
| Molar Mass | 102.09 |
| Density | 1.204 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -55 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 240 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 270°F |
| Water Solubility | 240 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | 240g/l |
| Vapor Presure | 0.13 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.209 (20/4℃) |
| Color | Clear |
| Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 235 nm Amax: 1.00', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.50', , 'λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.30', , 'λ: 35 |
| BRN | 107913 |
| pKa | 3.92[at 20 ℃] |
| PH | 7.0 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids, bases, reducing agents. Protect from contact with moist air or water. |
| Explosive Limit | 1.8-14.3%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.421(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless and odorless flammable liquid. melting point -49.2 ℃ boiling point 238.4 ℃ relative density 1.2047 refractive index 1.4218 flash point 128 ℃ solubility, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and other miscible, soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride. |
| Use | Used as a solvent for synthetic fibers and other polymers, as well as extractants, plasticizers, etc |
Propylene carbonate - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
| Risk Codes | 36 - Irritating to the eyes |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | FF9650000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29209010 |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 20000 mg/kg |
Propylene carbonate - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Downstream Products | 1,2-Propanediol Dimethyl carbonate Ammonium chloride |
Propylene carbonate - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
colorless, odorless, flammable liquid. The relative density was 1. 2047. Melting Point -49.2 °c. Boiling point 238.4 °c. Flash point 128 °c. Refractive index 4218. With ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and other miscible, soluble in water and carbon tetrachloride. The absorption capacity of carbon dioxide is very strong, and the chemical properties are stable.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Propylene carbonate - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
- The phosgene method generates hydroxyisopropyl chloroformate by the action of propylene glycol and phosgene, and then generates propylene carbonate by the action of sodium hydroxide, and then distills under reduced pressure to obtain a finished product.
- transesterification method.
- chloropropanol method.
- propylene oxide and carbon dioxide synthesis method carbon dioxide and propylene oxide are reacted at 150 to 160 ° C. And 5MPa to form propylene carbonate. The product was fractionated under reduced pressure.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:33:58
Propylene carbonate - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is 4-methyl -1, 3-dioxolane -2-one. The content of C4H603 shall not be less than 99.0%.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Propylene carbonate - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is colorless or light yellow transparent liquid.
relative density
should be 1.203 to 1.210 (General 0601).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:28:17
Propylene carbonate - Use
Open Data Verified Data
This product is a polar solvent, used as plasticizer, spinning solvent, water-soluble dye and pigment dispersant. It can also be used as an oil solvent and an extractant for olefins and aromatics. Propylene carbonate as the electrolyte of the battery can withstand the harsh light, heat and chemical changes. It is also useful in geological beneficiation and analytical chemistry. In addition, propylene carbonate can also replace phenolic resin as a wood binder, also used in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:33:57
Propylene carbonate - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the reference product (General rule 0402).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:28:17
Propylene carbonate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- the toxicity of this product is unknown. Attention should be paid to prevent phosgene toxicity during production. The workshop should be well ventilated and the equipment should be closed. The operator should wear protective gear.
- This product is packed in iron drum and stored in a cool and ventilated place, away from fire. According to the provisions of flammable chemicals storage and transportation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:33:58
Propylene carbonate - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pH
take 10ml of this product, add 0.3ml of saturated potassium chloride solution, dilute to 100ml with water, shake well, and measure according to law (General rule 0631). The pH value should be 6.0~7.5.
ignition residue
take l.Og of this product, check according to law (General rule 0841), not over 0.1%.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:28:18
Propylene carbonate - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take 0.6g of this product, precision weighing, put 250ml iodine bottle, Precision Add barium hydroxide solution [take barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)z • 8H20 )75g, 1000ml of fresh boiling cold water was added. The liquid should be filtered] 50ml, filled with nitrogen to remove air and carbon dioxide after the plug, and add 3 drops of water to form a water seal. Place it in 95~100°C water bath for 15 minutes, add 6 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and titrate with hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.5mol/L) while hot until the solution is colorless, the results of the titration were corrected by a blank test. Each 1 ml of hydrochloric acid titration solution (0.5mol/L) corresponds to 25.52mg of c4h603.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:28:18
Propylene carbonate - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, solvents, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:28:18
Propylene carbonate - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
sealed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:28:18
Propylene carbonate - Reference Information
| relative polarity | 6 |
| LogP | -0.41 at 20℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | cyclic carbonates include five-membered ring, six-membered ring, seven-membered ring carbonates and macrocyclic carbonates with more than seven-membered ring, among them, propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate are the most widely used. Ethylene carbonate is an excellent polar high boiling point solvent and surfactant raw materials, widely used in plastics, printing and dyeing, polymer synthesis, gas separation and electrochemical fields. |
| Application | propylene carbonate is an efficient desulfurization and decarburization solvent, which can be used for natural gas purification and ammonia synthesis feed gas purification, there are important prospects for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It can also be used in plasticizers, spinning solvents, dye dispersants, etc., can also be used in the second generation of lithium ion batteries, as an electrolyte to protect the graphite anode. Its wider use is also wood adhesive, which can be used as a raw material for the production of another chemical product, dimethyl carbonate. It can be used in the electronics industry as a high-energy battery and capacitor of the excellent medium polymer industry can be used as polymer solvents and plasticizers; Used as adhesives and sealants plasticizers; it can also be used as a dispersant for phenolic resin curing accelerator and water-soluble adhesive fillers. The chemical industry is the main raw material for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and can also be used to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas and petroleum cracking gas. In addition, it can also be used in textile, printing and dyeing and other industrial fields. used as oil solvent, spinning solvent, olefin, aromatic extractant, carbon dioxide absorbent, water-soluble dye and pigment dispersant, etc. used as gas chromatography stationary liquid and solvent, also used in the synthesis of high molecular polymer UV Curable Coating and ink This product is a polar solvent, used as plasticizer, spinning solvent, water-soluble dye and plastic dispersant. It can also be used as an oil solvent and an extractant for olefins and aromatics. Propylene carbonate as the electrolyte of the battery can withstand the harsh light, heat and chemical changes. It is also useful in geological beneficiation and analytical chemistry. In addition, propylene carbonate can also be used as a wood adhesive instead of phenolic resin, and also used in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate. It is used as a solvent for synthetic fibers and other polymers, and also used as an extractant and plasticizer. It is used as an efficient solvent to remove petroleum gas and petroleum cracking gas, the carbon dioxide in the oil field gas and the raw material gas for ammonia synthesis can also be used as plasticizers, spinning solvents or water-soluble dyes, pigment dispersants, oily solvents and extractants for olefins and aromatics. |
| application field | propylene carbonate is a polar solvent, which can be used as plasticizer, spinning solvent, water-soluble dye and dispersant for plastics, it can also be used as an oil solvent and an extractant for olefins and aromatics. Propylene carbonate as the electrolyte of the battery can withstand the harsh light, heat and chemical changes. It is also useful in geological beneficiation and analytical chemistry. In addition, propylene carbonate can also be used as a wood adhesive instead of phenolic resin, and also used in the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate. |
| preparation | propylene glycol-carbon dioxide method carbon dioxide was used in the reaction process. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, due to human activities, the concentration of carbon dioxide on the Earth's surface has increased, the use of carbon dioxide as a raw material, fixed to chemicals, is a green synthetic idea, and has seen the practice report. At present, most of the carbon dioxide used in the study is not directly from the emission, but the idea is also considered to be green. The catalyst used in this method is alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt, in which potassium carbonate has high catalytic activity, and the yield of propylene carbonate can reach 12.6% in homogeneous catalytic system. In order to overcome the difficulties of product separation and catalyst recycling caused by homogeneous catalytic reaction, potassium carbonate was loaded on activated carbon to carry out heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The results showed that the selectivity of product was improved. The solvent acetonitrile was used in the synthesis process, which reduced the degree of green process. Organic compounds of tin, such as Bu2SnO or Bu2Sn(OMe)2, can also catalyze the reaction of 1, 2-propanediol and carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions to form propylene carbonate. The addition of a co-solvent or the presence of a dehydrating agent facilitates the production of the product and the increase in yield. Water is formed during the reaction of 1, 2-propanediol and carbon dioxide, which reduces the utilization of atoms in the reaction process, and the product is hydrolyzed, so that the yield of the product is inhibited by water. This is a big problem to be solved in the process of industrialization. |
| production method | 1. Phosgene Method raw material propylene glycol and phosgene interaction to generate hydroxyisopropyl chloroformate, and then with sodium hydroxide to generate propylene carbonate, and then vacuum distillation to get the finished product. 2. Transesterification method. 3. Chloropropanol method. Propylene oxide and carbon dioxide synthesis of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide in 150-160 ℃, 5MPa reaction conditions to produce propylene carbonate. The product was fractionated under reduced pressure. The above methods have been industrialized, but the first three methods have high production costs and poor product quality, which are gradually replaced by the fourth method. Propylene oxidation and carbon dioxide synthesis. This method is a synthetic method developed in the laboratory in recent years. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity grade | low toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 34900 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 20700 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | Skin-rabbit 500 mg moderate; Eye-rabbit 60 mg moderate |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable in open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; combustion emissions |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The package is complete, light, light; The warehouse is ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, separate from oxidant |
| fire extinguishing agent | alcohol foam |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 851 ° F. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:45
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View History
Propylene carbonate
2-氟-4-氯苯胺4-氯邻氟苯胺
Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 350 MONOMETHYL ETHER POLYMER
Tetraphenylethylen
3-氨基-4-溴-2-甲基吡唑
2-溴苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶
1323-03-1
Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-piperidin-3-yl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
对丙烯基邻甲氧基本酚
2-氟-4-氯苯胺4-氯邻氟苯胺
Methyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 350 MONOMETHYL ETHER POLYMER
Tetraphenylethylen
3-氨基-4-溴-2-甲基吡唑
2-溴苯并[4,5]咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶
1323-03-1
Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-piperidin-3-yl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
对丙烯基邻甲氧基本酚
Downstream Products for Propylene carbonate